1. BACKGROUND: 
Access to sufficient, safe and affordable water is vital for human development. In addition to immediate domestic use, many poor households use water to earn an income through, for example, preparing and cooking food, laundry work, cleaning car windows or turning water into ice for sale. In rural areas, water is also used for livestock, for growing vegetables and for making bricks. Yet worldwide a billion people still lack access to sufficient safe water, even for domestic purposes. Recognising the importance of participation and the role of women, the International Conference on Water and the Environment, Dublin, 1992, established four guiding principles for water policy:
1. fresh water is a finite and vulnerable resource, essential to sustain life, development and the environment
2. water development and management should be based on a participatory approach, involving users, planners and policy-makers at all levels
3. women play a central part in the provision, management and safeguarding of water
4. water has an economic value in all its competing uses and should be recognised as an economic good.

1.1 Millennium Development Goals
In 2000, the Millennium Summit, involving all UN Member States, brought together many of the targets adopted at previous conferences and identified key development priorities for the 21st Century. It led to the adoption of the Millennium Declaration and the Millennium Development Goals, a series of time-bound and measurable development goals and targets. It also led to the establishment of a comprehensive Millennium Project aimed at promoting and assessing the implementation of these goals and targets.
Target 7(ii) of the Millennium Development Goals refers specifically to water. The target is to:

Reduce by half the proportion of people without access to safe drinking water by 2015.

1.2 Water and Poverty: Disparities in access to water and sanitation
Widespread poverty has led to increasing inequalities between water consumption in the developing world and in the industrialised world. Poor people face a triple impediment to access to safe water - lack of availability to safe water, risk of contamination and high costs.

1.3 Women and Water
There is a clear link between the lack of access to clean, safe water and a host of diseases that attack the poor in developing countries. Whilst contamination and exposure to water-borne diseases affect men and boys as well as women and girls, the latter’s disadvantaged health status and their traditional role in water collection, leaves them particularly vulnerable to the health consequences of inadequate safe water.

2. OBJECTIVES

Water is one of the essential commodities for survival of human beings. It is required for domestic purpose, irrigation, industrial and other uses, which are very relevant for survival and progress of society. That is why important civilisations of the world have grown and prospered around perennial rivers. With rapid growth of population and development of modern technologies in various fields, the requirement of water has substantially increased. The perception that water is available with us in abundance no longer holds true now. Water availability is neither adequate nor equitable to all human beings and in all regions of the country as well as in the world. 

The global fresh water consumption has risen six folds between 1900 and 1995, which is more than twice the rate of population growth. However, one-third of the world’s population is already living in countries with moderate to high water stress. About 20 percent of the world’s population (1.1 billion), lack access to safe drinking water. The problem is more acute in Africa and West Asia and in many other developing countries including India.  In addition to the problems of limited availability of water, there is problem of water quality leading to various biological and chemical contaminations.  Even developed countries like United States are also affected by water quality degradation. 
In 2004 about 3.5 billion people worldwide (54% of the global population) had access to piped water supply through house connections. Another 1.3 billion (20%) had access to safe water through other means than house connections, including standpipes, "water kiosks", protected springs and protected wells. Finally, more than 1 billion people (16%) did not have access to safe water, meaning that they have to revert to unprotected wells or springs, canals, lakes or rivers to fetch water.

2.1 Technical overview of water supply

Water supply systems get water from a variety of locations, including groundwater (aquifers), surface water (lakes and rivers), conservation and the sea through desalination. The water is then, in most cases, purified, disinfected through chlorination and sometimes fluoridated. Treated water then either flows by gravity or is pumped to reservoirs, which can be elevated such as water towers or on the ground (for indicators related to the efficiency of drinking water distribution see non-revenue water). Once water is used, wastewater is typically discharged in a sewer system and treated in a wastewater treatment plant before being discharged into a river, lake or the sea or reused for landscaping, irrigation or industrial use

3. National perspective

India's National Water Policy recognises the importance of providing safe drinking water to its people.  It states: "Drinking water needs of human beings and animals should be the first charge on available resources."  For children, specifically, this right is also enshrined in Article 24 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child ratified by the Government of India.  It has been recommended that water be treated not as an 'economic good' but as an 'economic resource' which is essential for growth and development.  Although, India accounts for 2.45% of land area and 4% of water resources of the world but we have a share of 16% of the world population. With the present population growth-rate, our population is expected to cross the 1.5 billion mark by the middle of this century. India would need about 1,650 billion cubic meters of water annually by that time to avoid being a water-starved country and about 2,800 billion cubic meters annually to be above the water-stressed zone.  

As per Central Ground Water Board, even allowing for the utilisation of all the available water resources in our country, the total water availability in the year 2050 would be about 2400 billion cubic meters only.  This means that India would be a water-stressed country even if we are able to take into account the total water available. This speaks of an uncertain drinking water future, which must be taken note of by us with all seriousness.

The major reasons identified for the shortage are uneven distribution of rainfall, which is received in 100 hours a year as against 8,760 hours, inadequate harvest and use of available rainwater, and unscientific management of ground water. The ground water which was abundantly available at shallow depth upto mid-seventies depleted and had gone down to the level of beyond 100 metres at many places.  These are the very reasons for which we should conserve water and promote rainwater harvesting.

Water is a State subject. The primary responsibility to provide drinking water rests with the States. The objective of Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme (ARWSP) under the Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission is to give financial assistance to States for coverage of rural habitations with safe drinking water supply. ARWSP has been under implementation since 1972-73. In 1986, the National Drinking Water Mission, renamed as Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission in 1991, was launched and further in 1999, the Department of Drinking Water Supply was created, to provide a renewed focus with mission approach to implement programmes for rural drinking water supply.
States Governments are free to plan, sanction, implement and execute rural water supply schemes for coverage of rural habitations.

Year  Activity
2005-06 to 2008-09 Coverage of 5,067 uncovered habitations of Comprehensive Action Plan 1999 (CAP 99)
2005-06 to 2008-09 Coverage of water quality affected habitations
2005-06 to 2008-09 Coverage of slipped back habitations based on 2003 survey with priority to tackling problems of arsenic, fluoride and salinity

3.1 Norms for Coverage under ARWSP
Under ARWSP, the following norms are being adopted for providing drinking water to rural population in the habitations:
- 40 litres per capita per day (lpcd) of safe drinking water for human beings.
- 30 lpcd additional for cattle in the Desert Development Programme Areas.
- One hand pump or stand post for every 250 persons.
- The water source should exist within 1.6 km in the plains and within 100 metres elevation in the hilly areas.
[Water is defined as safe if it is free from biological contamination (cholera, typhoid, etc.) and chemical contamination (excess arsenic, fluoride, salinity, iron, nitrates, etc.)]

3.2 Definition of habitation
A ‘Habitation’ is a locality within a village where a cluster of families reside. The total population should be 100 or more for consideration for coverage under the rural water supply norms laid down by the Department (Section 2). It is generally assumed that around 20 families reside in a habitation. Average number of persons in a family is taken as 5. In case of hilly areas, a habitation may have a population, which is less than 100.

3.3 Definition of Not Covered (NC) and Partially Covered (PC) habitations
Habitations which have a safe drinking water source point (either private or public) within 1.6 km in plains and 100 metre in hill areas but the capacity of the system ranges between 10 lpcd to 40 lpcd, are categorized as Partially Covered (PC) and those having less than 10 lpcd are categorized as Not Covered (NC).

The funds are distributed every year on the basis of inter-State allocation criterion, which takes into account numerous factors such as number of uncovered habitations, rural population, geographical locations etc.

After the introduction of ARWSP, the coverage position is as follows:

YEARS    COVERAGE

1972-73 to 1991-92   7,45,759 villages
Eighth Plan (1992-93 to 1996-97) 3,39,705 villages / habitations
Ninth Plan (1997-98 to 2001-2002 4,17,951 habitations
Tenth Plan  (2002-03 to 2006-07)  3,12,164 habitations#
# Till January 2007 end.

3.4 COVERAGE: A DYNAMIC CONCEPT

However, coverage is a dynamic concept. A number of habitations, once Fully Covered , may slip back to NC/PC due to a number of factors like:
Sources going dry or lowering of the ground water table.
Sources becoming quality affected.
Systems outliving their lives.
Systems working below rated capacity due to poor operation and maintenance.
Increase in population resulting in lower per capita availability.
Emergence of new habitations.

4. BHARAT NIRMAN

The Bharat Nirman Programme is a step taken towards building up a strong Rural India by strengthening the infrastructure in six areas viz. Housing, Roads, Electrification, Communication (Telephone), Drinking Water and Irrigation, with the help of a plan to be implemented in four years, from 2005-06 to 2008-09.

The primary responsibility of providing drinking water facilities in the country rests with State Governments. The efforts of State Governments are supplemented by Government of India by providing financial assistance under the Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme (ARWSP).

The proposed strategy for coverage in respect of rural drinking water supply under Bharat Nirman is as follows:
 
4.1 Action Plan for Bharat Nirman
The States and Union Territories have been requested to furnish Action Plans along with list of habitations to be covered during the 4-year period of Bharat Nirman. This will facilitate preparation of a road map for achieving the goal set out under Bharat Nirman for rural drinking water supply by 2008-09.

4.2 Strategy
- Supplementing with new schemes for the habitations served by outlived schemes.
- Rejuvenation of the outlived schemes which are functioning below their rated capacity.
- Providing the regional schemes from alternative safe sources by extending new pipelines.
- Providing rainwater-harvesting structures.
- Reviving the traditional sources.
- Utilizing low cost technology for mitigation of quality affected habitations.
- Providing water supply from alternate sources for coverage of habitations with no safe source.

4.3 Sustainability of Rural Water Supply sources
- For Sustainability of Systems, Department has undertaken extensive exercise for institutionalization of community participation in O&M of rural drinking water infrastructure.
- Low-cost technologies are being promoted not only for meeting drinking water requirements, but also for re-charging of the water table.
- Source strengthening measures proposed to be made an integral part of all Rural Water Supply schemes.
- Convergence of efforts of all Departments (Panchayati Raj Agriculture Forest and Water Resources) in watershed development and management would go a long way in meeting the drinking water needs.

4.4 Policy and Implementation Measures
- Intensive interaction with States for firming up the Action Plan for Bharat Nirman.
- Collecting Location details, technology options and, fund requirement from States.
- Sorting out administrative and technical problems in poorly performing States on a case-to-case basis e.g. in sanction of schemes, in procurement machinery and equipment.
- Commitment of States for providing matching or higher State share for coverage of NC / PC / quality affected habitations.
- Focused funding for tackling water quality problems, particularly those relating to Arsenic / Fluoride / Salinity.
- Identifying and preparing standardized low-cost technologies for tackling water quality problems.
- Involvement of scientific institutions.
- Sustainability measures such as involvement of PRIs / VWSCs in Operation and Maintenance of assets created in the past. In addition, some contribution towards capital cost of new assets to be created for generating sense of ownership among local community.
- Need for a system of incentives for PRIs / VWSCs for ensuring village level O&M of assets.
- Capacity building of PRIs / VWSCs.
- Sustainability of sources by creating re-charging structures and regulating over-exploitation of underground water.
- Compilation and circulation of best practices in the Drinking Water Sector.
- Strengthening of the Technical Wing of the Department of Drinking Water Supply for better planning and monitoring of quality affected and inaccessible habitations.

4.5 Monitoring
- Regular monitoring, concurrent evaluation / social audit of Bharat Nirman Drinking Water Schemes by lead NGOs / academic and research institutions, reputed social workers, professional experts.
- Obtaining monthly reports regarding the implementation of the schemes from the District officers/State Governments.
- Taking feedback regarding implementation of the schemes from District Vigilance and Monitoring Committees which include elected representatives.
- Involving community and local institutions in water quality monitoring and surveillance.
- Monitoring by State/District/Village Water and Sanitation Committees.
- Creation of awareness and publicity of the schemes through mass media.
- The Department / State / District website to contain information of habitations to be covered as per the Action Plan and the up-to-date progress.

5. ORISSA : state perspective
The situation in Orissa is not different from the country.  In spite of a normal rainfall of 1,503 millimeters and having 9 to 10 percent of the country renewable water source, presently the per capita availability of water is estimated at 1,400 cubic meters per annum. The ground water utilisation in the State is progressively increased with 1,95,430 wells for irrigation and drinking water .

The ground water estimate made in 1994 identified 43 blocks as hydrologically critical blocks and the estimation of 1999 shows 2 blocks (Bhograi & Baliapal)are overexploited with limited scope for further extraction.  The ground water table has progressively declined by several meters between 1978 and 1993.  The recharge of ground water is estimated at 4.78 percent of precipitation. The sustainability of sources has posed a major problem ever since the water table has been observed to fall sharply in many areas due to excess and indiscriminate withdrawal. Depletion of water table has resulted in either the non-functioning of more than 35,000 drinking water wells and around 1.5 lakhs of irrigation wells as well as occurrence of geo-chemical changes resulting in wide spread of chemical contamination of ground water which was not observed in the past. The capacity of surface lakes, tanks, rivers and reservoirs have also come down due catchment disturbances and associated human activities.

5.1 Achievements
The Government has made significant interventions especially in the last five years to augment the availability of drinking water in rural areas. Focused attention has been given to coverage of Not Covered (slipped back and new) and Partially Covered habitations as well as rural schools not having drinking water facility. From 2005-06 onwards the drinking water supply programme is being implemented to achieve the goals under Bharat Nirman. The following is an account of the drinking water sources installed vis-à-vis rural habitations and schools covered in the last five years along with the current financial year.
The District wise details are at annexure-1
Year Drinking water sources installed NC habitations covered PC habitations covered Rural schools covered
 Spot sources PWS projects   
2001-02 10430 64 34 101 3265
2002-03 16427 105 2800 1179 6000
2003-04 16594 128 9802 980 1830
2004-05 16269 92 4550 978 5794
2005-06 22714 134 9763 1550 9476
2006-07 11552 65 6484 1627 3475

5.2 LESSONS LEARNT
We all know that 85% of the rural drinking water supply is being met from the ground water.  Groundwater is also being over-exploited for irrigation and other agricultural/ industrial purposes.  Excess extraction of ground water results in the  ground water table going down affecting the sustainability of the water sources.  The over exploitation of ground water also affects water quality as manifested through arsenic problem in parts of state, coastal salinity in parts of Tamilnadu Karnataka and Gujarat and fluoride problem in 16 States including Orissa.  This problem can be mitigated only if adequate steps are taken for recharging of ground water sources. We hope cost effective and viable solutions will emerge.
We should, therefore, develop proper water management strategy if all of us have to face the challenges of meeting the requirement of quality water. The Government of India and States, have taken bold initiatives in this direction which have resulted in significant amount of success.
Orissa is one of the first in the country to address the issues of depleting ground water through soil and water conservation works, watershed development, social forestry, by harvesting of inevitable run-off for ground water recharge and de-siltation of irrigation tanks. The State covered around 2 lakh hectares under watershed development programme.  We must involve people in implementation of all these programmes and developed the community participative model for the development programmes.
Orissa has been one of the progressive States, which has shown its keenness in properly and effectively utilising the opportunities available for mitigating drinking water problem in the State.We have done well in extending water supply to all except 1707 not covered (NC) habitations.  As per the latest information of March  2007, 128116 habitations in the State are fully covered (FC) habitations with 40 LPCD, although the State has 9908 partially covered (PC) habitations.
Orissa is one of the States where DANIDA assisted Rural Water Supply & Sanitation Project was implemented some districts. This project has achieved good success due to innovation of Self Employed Mechanic (SEM) and from here, the basic principles and policies of sector reforms approach of Balasore Ganjam and Sundargarh was extended  to other parts. Whatever technology we adopt, it can succeed only if community participation in the programme is amply and adequately ensured. The policies and programmes, which are meant for the masses, can be effectively executed only with their active support and co-operation. For this purpose, there is necessity to involve the elected panchayat functionaries, NGOs, community-based organisations, user groups, etc. They must be sensitised about the various issues and technologies. 
We are happy that this realisation has already come which is adequately reflected in the approach of sector reforms as well as various projects being implemented by externally support agencies. It is heartening to note that wherever community participation has been proper and adequate, the projects implemented have been successful giving encouraging results. Institutionalisation of community participation is going to be key to success of such initiatives.

5.3 ORISSA: THE WAY FORWARD
Two major emerging problems in rural water supply sector are (a) sustainability; and (b) water quality. Scientific source finding, water quality and quantity assessment, monitoring, water conservation and recharge are crucial for problem solution and related water management.
During February 2005, the State Government took a policy decision to implement all drinking water supply schemes on a participatory mode to improve service delivery and system sustainability. In the coming years, efforts will be made to internalize community participation in planning, designing, executing and managing drinking water supply schemes.
Rural Dinking Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance programme has been launched to systematically monitor the quality of drinking water and to disseminate information on health and hygiene aspects of clean drinking water. The programme will be implemented on a Catchments’ Area Approach consisting of Gram Panchayats/ Village Water and Sanitation Committees/ Education Institutions as well as functionaries of the related sectors at the grass roots, the District level Laboratories at the intermediary level and a Referral Laboratory at the State level. In every G.P., a five members committee will be in charge of water quality monitoring and surveillance. Initially, the department will provide field test kits and H2S strips/ vials. The test kits will be kept in the custody of the science teacher of the selected high school. Water samples would be preferably brought to school and tested. Monitoring will be done from district/ state level. Health Department will be increasingly involved in water quality surveillance. Identifying and preparing standardized low-cost technologies for tackling water quality problems like terafil filters and low-cost iron removal plants are being tried.
There will be a focused coverage of habitations having water quality problems such as excess fluoride, iron, brackishness etc. Cost effective and adaptable technology will be chosen on the basis of a multi-disciplinary approach. The State level Scientific Source Finding Committee has been reconstituted to take this programme forward. For formulating suitable schemes to tackle water quality and scarcity problem, availing consultancy services from reputed institutions like NEERI is being considered. UNICEF has expressed interest for financial support. The expenditure on drinking water as sanitation is growing as may be seen from the table given below.
 
Source: 2004 
Acess to sewage is much poorer in Orissa as may be seen from the graph given below
 
5.3.1 NEW APPROACH:
Water Sanitation and hygiene can deliver across the MDGs.Improved and safe water supply not only reduces the burden of domestic tasks on women, but also reduces incidence of water-borne diseases in the household.
The physical target for 11th Five Year Plan envisages coverage of over 141368 habitation on sustainable basis with PWS (1114) and spot source (245026 Tube wells and 7522 sanitary wells).
- One single village Piped Water Scheme (SV-PWS) in each Gram Panchayat. (6234)

- One multi village Piped Water Scheme (MV-PWS) in each Panchayat Samiti.(314)

- List of PWS handed over to Gram Panchayats w.e.f. 21st October 2006 is placed at annexure-2.(1114)

- List of PWS already planned for implementation for current year is placed at annexure-3 (1797)

- List of high population villages to be targeted in phased manner to cover at least 35% rural population with safe and sustainable PWS.

- Villages  with population

Population  Number
Above 1000  9173 
Above 500       12474
Above 250        12932
Below 250  15522
Total   50101

5.3.2 Physical outcomes
1. 6000 NC/ slipped NC habitations
2. 10000 PC habitations
3. 5000 water quality habitations
4. 4000 rural schools not having drinking water facility

5.3.3 Financial Outlays
One crores for each Panchayat Samiti by dovetailing all the schemes having drinking water supply component like ARWSP Submission TFC NREGA BRGF GGY B-KBK etc.

5.3.4 Financial Outlays and physical outcomes
Number TUBEWELL DUGWELL PIPED Water Supply 
Up to 2006-7 250246 7522 1114 
2007-8 10000 1000 1000 
2008-9 9000 1000 1500 
2009-10 8000 1000 2000 
2010-11 7000 1000 2500 
Per unit cost (Rs) @50000 @50000 @25,000,00 
Expenditure (crores) TUBEWELL DUGWELL PIPED Water Supply 
Up to 2006-7 12288.4 364.45 111.3 Total
2007-8 50 5 250 305
2008-9 45 5 375 425
2009-10 40 5 500 545
2010-11 35 5 625 665

6. Plan of Action: GP MICRO PLAN

Orissa is one of the few States in the post-independent period to take up the Panchayati Raj as its main fulcrum of rural administration. Orissa Grama Panchayat Act was enacted in the year 1948. Subsequently in the year 1961, 3 tier systems of Panchayati Raj Institutions was introduced in Orissa. Over the last 50 years Panchayati Raj Institutions have emerged as the powerful institutions in bringing about rapid and sustainable development and socio-economic transformation in rural Orissa. It has an integrated prospective towards improving the quality of lives of rural people and ensuring equity and effective peoples’ participation.73rd amendment of the Constitution has conferred constitutional status to Panchayati Raj Institutions.

The Provisions of Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas)Act aims at empowering Panchayati Raj Institutions in Scheduled areas for economic development and social justice.In the year 2002, election to 3 tier of Panchayati Raj Institutions held in conformity with 73rd amendment and PESA thereby empowering tribal people as envisaged under the PESA.

The Government have the obligation to bring up Panchayati Raj Institutions as Institutions of Self -Government as per 73rd amendment of the Constitution of India 1992. 73rd Amendment marks a new era in the federal set up of the country and provides constitutional status to the PRIs. The prime objectives of the three tiers Panchayati Raj System are to eradicate poverty, uplift standard of living of people in the rural areas, bring about a healthy society by creating awareness for hygiene, sanitation and eradication of illiteracy. The 73rd amendment of the Constitution mandates Government to endow the Panchayati Raj Institutions with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as institutions of self-Government.

Plan for Nirmal Gram Panchayat

6.1 Role of Gram Panchayat

6.1.1 Each functionary of Gram Panchayats including Ward Members PS Member and Sarpanch must agree and attempt to construct toilets in their own households. Accordingly all Water Health & Sanitation Committee be reconstituted with members having toilets in their households. They may lead by example as is envisaged in SANJOG Campaign launched by Hon’ble Chief Minister in June 2007.
6.1.2 Each Gram Panchayat may pass resolution to agree to operate and maintain PWS schemes.
6.1.3 Self Employed Mechanic (SEM) to be engaged as pump operator.
6.1.4 Panchayats must have taken to stock and maintained spot sources and PWS if any.
6.1.5 Panchayats may consider levying user charges for sustainable water supply systems and provide house connection on payment of cost of installation and service charges as may be resolved by Panchayat.
6.1.6 Panchayats must take lead role in providing toilets in Gram Panchayat office, Primary  School, and Anganwadi Centre.
6.1.7 Panchayats must take lead role in TSC campaign to provide individual household latrines to all BPL households and persuade APL households have toilets.
6.1.8 Planning for each habitation with sustainable water supply scheme must be initiated. Traditional water bodies like ponds minor and medium irrigation projects and lift irrigation points can be used to provide water.
6.1.9 Source identification and electrification must be the first charge on TFC fund.
6.1.10 Institutionalisation of community participation is going to be key to success of such initiatives.
6.1.11 Where as attempt shall be made to provide PWS in bigger villages but problem areas must be given priority.
6.1.12 No PWS shall be deemed to have been completed unless it provides necessary access to vulnerable sections like SC ST and minorities.
6.1.13 A copy of Perspective Plan of Drinking Water shall be web-hosted on Gram Panchayat, Panchayat Samiti and Zilla Parishad Portal for wider dissemination.

6.2 Role of Panchayat Samiti. Panchayat Samiti may look into the plan of action prepared by GP and attempt to prioritise based on ground realities and coverage of habitation. The Purchase Committee under the chairmanship of BDO may look into the implementation of PWS in addition to spare parts procurement.

6.3 Role of Zilla Parishad : ZP may discuss and prioritise drinking water plan of action and attempt District Master Plan of Sustainable Drinking Water. The JE Mechanical attached to DRDA may coordinate the O & M of rural water supply schemes and Sanitation schemes in addition to hi/her own duty.

6.4 Role of SIRD: SIRD may include IEC material on water and Sanitation as part of training and capacity building in its classroom, off-campus and Gramsat-based interactive training plan.

6.5 Role of RWSS: Each JE attached to Panchayat Samiti must assist Gram Panchayat to prepare Village/GP Micro Plan. He must prepare detailed estimate including Detailed Project Report (DPR), bills of Materials (BoM) and bills of Quantity (BoQ) with standard schedule of rate and EPM rate of material.

6.5.1 EE SE CE RWSS must provide Administrative approval and Technical sanction to the Perspective Plan for prioritise funding.
6.5.2 CE may circulate a Model Plan of Detailed Project Report (DPR), bills of Materials (BoM) and bills of Quantity (BoQ) along with rates of EPM items. Design of Over ead Tank (OHT) and OHT-cum pump house-Inspection room may be part of estimate.
6.5.3 A copy of model estimate/DPR is enclosed at Annexure-4
6.5.4 The PWS must have provisions for at least a 500-1000 ltrs Sintax-type tank for storage and installation in the Toilets of School and AW Centres.
6.5.5 ARWSP and Sub-Mission Fund may be used to provide material component.
6.5.6 Turnkey contract management system shall be evolved to implement the scheme in 11 months project cycle.
6.5.7 Citizen Information Board on the pattern of PMGSY be installed at the site to facilitate transparency and social audit.
6.5.8 RWSS may adopt State Quality Monitor (SQMs) system for quality certification of water, yield, implementation process and procedures and look into the estimate of work.

6.6 Joint guidelines for engagement of SQMs large scale identification of sources and DPR cost to be met out of TFC and survey and investigation fund of RWSS.

6.7 NGOs like Gram Vikas and other committed to TSC and water to all ideology may be associated in planning and implementation of large scale PWS in Orissa. They may also be associated for Capacity Building,PWS & TSC ,Role of RWSS Training centre, Convergence with PRI,Convergence with SHG, Role of UNICEF WaterAid etc/

6.8 To achieve 35% coverage of population with PWS in next 2-3 years a multi-pronged strategy needs to be followed. The Periphery Development Fund of Industries and rural water supply schemes may even be treated as part of PDF contribution.

7. CALENDAR OF EVENTS

7.1 RD Department
- RD Department shall issue instruction to CE RWSS and functionaries up to block level to identify villages with good sources of water that can be upgraded to PWS.
- RD may authorise EE to provide technical sanction for Panchayat Level projects so that funding of Projects can be arranged by dovetailing other schemes fund.
- RD department may not insist on any prorate/departmental  charges on such projects and may treat such cases as deposit cases under natural calamity MP/MLA Local Area development Fund etc.
- A training-cum-appreciation workshop for JEs may be arranged at Division/Circle level to sensitise and motivate for preparation of DPR bidding and quality and yield certification.
- Whereas single village PWS can be taken up under convergence of schemes, the multi-village schemes can be covered under ARWSP.
- RD department may exempt 10% public contribution for early and timely completion of schemes.

 
7.2 PR Department
- PR Department shall issue necessary direction allowing GPs and Panchayat Samiti to spend fund on identification of source and initial cost of electrification (Application under section 21C-feasibility report) of ARWSP projects and GPs to operate and maintain these new projects.
- PR Department may empower Collectors and District Magistrates to give administrative approval once the technical sanction is provided by EE RWSS.
- PR Department may further highlight the SANJOG initiative to give priority to toilet construction and even include IAY housed GP Buildings and School and AWC for providing quality TOILETS and running water supply systems.
- PR Department may authorise Collectors and CEO ZP to monitor the preparation of Perspective Plan of Drinking Water supply and facilitate convergence of field functionaries.

7.3 Water Resources Department
- Water Resources Department may issue instruction to OLIC  to allow Pani Panchayats to use good and feasible lift point for PWS.
- Pani Panchayats may be encouraged to go for dual use of water and Gram Panchayat may share some cost towards O & M of such systems.

7.4 Energy Department
- Energy Department must issue instruction to Distribution Companies like NESCO WESCO SOUTHCO and CESU to provide electrical connection and ensure quality supply of power to these points promptly.
- Energy department must issue instruction to allow Panchayats to retain security deposit for electrical connection in their own name and raise current bills/charges of old projects handed over to GPs on October 21st 2006.

8. Any Other